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Patients may also try to avoid situations where they know there may be a higher risk for emotional changes. Today, treatment also includes serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as venlafaxine, as well as sodium oxybate to help improve nighttime sleep. In the past, treatment was mostly with tricyclic antidepressants. Episodes can last for a few seconds to greater than 30 minutes.Īs with narcolepsy, cataplexy is caused by low levels of hypocretin, a chemical found in the hypothalamus. Mild forms of cataplexy may only cause sagging of the facial muscles, slurred speech, and weakness in the knees or the patient’s arms to drop to the sides. Attacks can also be brought on by laughter, fright, shock, running, sexual activity and dancing. Patients with cataplexy experience a sudden loss of muscle tone during wakefulness usually triggered by strong emotions, such as anger or sadness. Cataplexy rarely occurs in anyone who does not have narcolepsy, although it may be seen in a patient with an underlying neurological disorder and is often a frightening experience for both patient and caregiver. We performed a polysomnogram and multiple sleep latency tests and diagnosed him with narcolepsy, a sleep condition I described in detail in last week’s blog.Ĭataplexy is one of the cardinal symptoms of narcolepsy - as many as 70% of patients with the disorder experiencing the symptom. He remembered hearing conversations and could repeat them without difficulty. Unlike patients with seizures, this patient said he was completely aware of what was happening around him when the episodes occurred. This often occurred when he was joking around and laughing with his peers. Earlier in the month, he had been evaluated for seizures after several episodes in which he had fallen down at work and remained unresponsive for several seconds to minutes. The Evening Standard.A young policeman came to our center complaining of an overwhelming desire to sleep. Olympic milestones: Bob Beamon’s astonishing leap into sporting history. Catalepsy has also been used as a plotline in numerous movies and books. Upon learning that he had won the gold medal, Olympic long jumper Bob Beamon entered into a brief cataleptic seizure. If it persists for an extended period of time, however, antipsychotic medications in conjunction with psychotherapy may help remedy the underlying cause. When catalepsy is caused by shock, extreme emotion or trauma, it usually goes away on its own. However, clinicians must carefully monitor them for signs of life-threatening conditions. When catalepsy is caused by drug withdrawal, people typically return to normal after several days or weeks. Muscle relaxants may be effective for some people with catalepsy. Treatment typically focuses on ameliorating underlying neurological causes of the disorder. Rarely, extreme emotions can cause catalepsy.
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Antipsychotic medications may also cause catalepsy–catalepsy is one of many side effects that interfere with people with schizophrenia’s willingness to take their medication. Withdrawal from some drugs, particularly cocaine, may also cause catalepsy.
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How to Send Appointment Reminders that WorkĬatalepsy is a symptom resulting from problems with the nervous system, and causes muscular rigidity.Rules and Ethics of Online Therapy for Therapists.
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